Kuthatha amanyathelo amathathu ukufaka indlovu kwisikhenkcisi. Uyifakela njani imfumba yesanti ekhompyutheni?
Kakade ke, into esibhekisela kuyo apha ayisiyo isanti eselunxwemeni, kodwa isanti ekrwada esetyenziselwa ukwenza iitshiphusi. "Isanti yemigodi ukwenza iitshiphusi" ifuna inkqubo enzima.
Inyathelo 1: Fumana iMathiriyeli ekrwada
Kuyimfuneko ukukhetha isanti efanelekileyo njengento ekrwada. Elona candelo liphambili lesanti eqhelekileyo ikwayisilicon dioxide (SiO₂), kodwa ukwenziwa kweetshiphu kuneemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu kubunyulu besilicon dioxide. Ngoko ke, isanti ye-quartz enobunyulu obuphezulu kunye nokungcola okuncinci kukhethwe ngokubanzi.
Inyathelo lesi-2: Utshintsho lwemathiriyeli ekrwada
Ukukhupha i-silicon ecocekileyo kwisanti, isanti kufuneka ixutywe kunye nomgubo we-magnesium, ifudunyezwe kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, kunye ne-silicon dioxide encitshiswe kwi-silicon ecocekileyo ngokusabela kokunciphisa imichiza. Iphinda ihlanjululwe ngezinye iinkqubo zeekhemikhali ukufumana i-silicon ye-electronic-grade kunye nokuhlanjululwa ukuya kuma-99.9999999%.
Emva koko, i-silicon yebakala lombane kufuneka yenziwe ibe yi-silicon enye yekristale ukuqinisekisa ingqibelelo yesakhiwo sekristale yeprosesa. Oku kwenziwa ngokufudumeza i-silicon ecocekileyo kwimo etyhidiweyo, ukufaka ikristale yembewu, kwaye emva koko uyijikelezise ngokucothayo kwaye uyitsale ukwenza i-cylindrical single crystal silicon ingot.
Okokugqibela, i-ingot ye-crystal ye-silicon enye iyasikwa ibe zii-wafers ezibhityileyo kakhulu zisebenzisa isarha yedayimani yocingo kwaye iipali zicolisiwe ukuqinisekisa umphezulu ogudileyo nongenasiphako.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Inkqubo yokuVelisa
I-silicon yinxalenye ephambili yeeprosesa zekhompyuter. Iingcali zisebenzisa izixhobo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu obufana noomatshini befotolithography ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukwenza ifotolithography kunye namanyathelo e-etching ukwenza iileya zeesekethe kunye nezixhobo kwii-silicon wafers, nje "ngokwakha indlu." Isiqwenga ngasinye se-silicon sinokuthatha amakhulu okanye amawaka eetshipsi.
Ilaphu emva koko lithumela iiwafers ezigqityiweyo kwisityalo esisetyenzwa ngaphambili, apho isarha yedayimane isika iipaseji zesilicon zibe ngamawakawaka oxande obulingana nozipho lomnwe, nganye iyitshiphu. Emva koko, umatshini wokuhlela ukhetha iitshiphusi ezifanelekayo, yaye ekugqibeleni omnye umatshini uzibeka kwireli uze uzithumele kumzi-mveliso wokupakisha nokuvavanya.
Inyathelo 4: Ukupakishwa kokugqibela
Kwindawo yokupakisha nokuvavanya, amagcisa enza uvavanyo lokugqibela kwitshiphu nganye ukuqinisekisa ukuba aqhuba kakuhle kwaye alungele ukusetyenziswa. Ukuba iitshiphusi ziphumelele uvavanyo, zifakwe phakathi kwesitya sobushushu kunye ne-substrate ukwenza ipakethe epheleleyo. Oku kufana nokubeka "isuti yokukhusela" kwi-chip; iphakheji yangaphandle ikhusela i-chip kumonakalo, ukushisa, kunye nokungcoliswa. Ngaphakathi kwikhompyutheni, le phakheji idala uxhumano lombane phakathi kwe-chip kunye nebhodi yesekethe.
Kanye ngolo hlobo, zonke iintlobo zeemveliso ze-chip eziqhuba umhlaba wetekhnoloji zigqityiwe!
I-INTEL NOKWENZA
Namhlanje, ukuguqulwa kwezinto eziluhlaza zibe luncedo ngakumbi okanye izinto ezixabisekileyo ngokwenza imveliso ngumqhubi obalulekileyo woqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ukuvelisa iimpahla ezininzi ngezinto ezincinci okanye iiyure zabantu ezimbalwa kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunokunyusa ngakumbi ixabiso lemveliso. Njengoko iinkampani zivelisa iimveliso ezininzi ngesantya esikhawulezayo, inzuzo kulo lonke ikhonkco loshishino iyanda.
Ukuvelisa kungundoqo we-Intel.
I-Intel yenza iitshiphusi zesemiconductor, iitshiphusi zegraphics, iichipsets zebhodi yomama, kunye nezinye izixhobo zekhompyuter. Njengoko ukuveliswa kwe-semiconductor kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi, i-Intel yenye yeenkampani ezimbalwa zehlabathi ezinokugqiba zombini uyilo olusikekileyo kunye nokuveliswa kwendlu.
Ukusukela ngo-1968, iinjineli ze-Intel kunye nezazinzulu zoyisile imiceli mngeni yenyama yokupakisha ii-transistors ezingaphezulu nangakumbi kwiitshiphusi ezincinci nezincinci. Ukufezekisa le njongo kufuna iqela elikhulu lehlabathi, iziseko zophuhliso lwefektri ezikhokelayo, kunye nenkqubo eyomeleleyo yobonelelo ngendalo.
Itekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwe-semiconductor ye-Intel iguquka rhoqo kwiminyaka embalwa. Njengoko kuxelwe kwangaphambili nguMthetho kaMoore, isizukulwana ngasinye seemveliso sizisa iimpawu ezininzi kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, siphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kwaye sinciphisa iindleko zetransistor enye. I-Intel inezixhobo ezininzi zokwenziwa kwe-wafer kunye novavanyo lokupakisha kwihlabathi liphela, ezisebenza kuthungelwano lwehlabathi olubhetyebhetye kakhulu.
UKUZENZISWA KUNYE NOBOMI BEMIHLA
Ukuvelisa kubalulekile kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Izinto esizichukumisayo, esithembele kuzo, sizonwabele kwaye sizitya yonke imihla zifuna ukwenziwa.
Ngamafutshane, ngaphandle kokuguqula izinto zekrwada zibe zizinto ezintsonkothileyo, bezingayi kubakho izixhobo zombane, izixhobo zombane, iimoto, nezinye izinto ezenza ubomi busebenze ngakumbi, bukhuseleke ngakumbi kwaye bube lula ngakumbi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-03-2025