Kuthatha amanyathelo amathathu ukufaka indlovu efrijini. Ngoko ke, uyifaka njani inqwaba yesanti kwikhompyutha?
Kakade ke, esithetha ngako apha asiyontlabathi eselunxwemeni lolwandle, kodwa yintlabathi eluhlaza esetyenziselwa ukwenza iitships. "Ukumba intlabathi ukuze wenze iitships" kufuna inkqubo enzima.
Inyathelo 1: Fumana Izinto Ezingasetyenzwanga
Kuyimfuneko ukukhetha isanti efanelekileyo njengezinto eziluhlaza. Eyona nto iphambili kwisanti eqhelekileyo yisilicon dioxide (SiO₂), kodwa ukwenziwa kweetships kuneemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu kwi-silicon dioxide ecocekileyo. Ke ngoko, isanti ye-quartz ecocekileyo kakhulu kunye nokungcola okuncinci kukhethwa ngokubanzi.
Inyathelo lesi-2: Ukuguqulwa kwezinto eziluhlaza
Ukuze kukhutshwe i-silicon ecocekileyo kakhulu kwisanti, isanti kufuneka ixutywe nomgubo we-magnesium, ifudunyezwe kubushushu obuphezulu, kwaye i-silicon dioxide incitshiswe ibe yi-silicon ecocekileyo ngokusebenzisa i-chemical reduction reaction. Emva koko ihlanjululwa ngakumbi ngezinye iinkqubo zeekhemikhali ukuze kufunyanwe i-silicon ye-elektroniki enobumsulwa obufikelela kwi-99.9999999%.
Okulandelayo, i-silicon ye-elektroniki kufuneka yenziwe ibe yi-silicon enye yekristale ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo sekristale seprosesa. Oku kwenziwa ngokufudumeza i-silicon ecocekileyo kakhulu ibe yimeko enyibilikisiweyo, ifake ikristale yembewu, ize emva koko ijikeleziswe kancinci kwaye iyitsale ukuze yenze ingot ye-silicon enye yekristale.
Okokugqibela, i-single crystal silicon ingot isikwa ibe zii-wafers ezincinci kakhulu kusetyenziswa isarha yentambo yedayimani kwaye ii-wafers ziyapholishwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu uthambile kwaye ungenasiphako.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Inkqubo yoMveliso
I-silicon yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeeprosesa zekhompyutha. Iingcali zisebenzisa izixhobo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezifana noomatshini be-photolithography ukwenza amanyathelo e-photolithography kunye nokukrola ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukwenza iileya zeesekethe kunye nezixhobo kwii-wafer ze-silicon, njengokuba "kwakha indlu." I-wafer nganye ye-silicon inokuthwala amakhulu okanye amawaka eetships.
Emva koko i-fab ithumela ii-wafers ezigqityiweyo kwisityalo esilungiswayo, apho isarha yedayimani isika ii-wafers ze-silicon zibe ngamawaka eengxande ezilinganayo ezinobukhulu bezipho, nganye kuzo iyitshiphusi. Emva koko, umatshini wokuhlunga ukhetha iitshiphusi ezifanelekileyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni omnye umatshini uzibeka kwi-reel uze uzithumele kwisityalo sokupakisha nokuvavanya.
Inyathelo lesi-4: Ukupakisha kokugqibela
Kwiziko lokupakisha nokuvavanya, iingcali zenza uvavanyo lokugqibela kwitshiphu nganye ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zilungele ukusetyenziswa. Ukuba iitshiphu ziyaphumelela uvavanyo, zifakelwa phakathi kwesinki yobushushu kunye nesiseko ukuze zenze iphakheji epheleleyo. Oku kufana nokubeka "isuti yokukhusela" kwitshiphu; iphakheji yangaphandle ikhusela itshiphu ekonakalisweni, ekutshiseni kakhulu, nasekungcoleni. Ngaphakathi kwikhompyutha, le phakheji idala unxibelelwano lombane phakathi kwetshiphu kunye nebhodi yesekethe.
Kanye ngaloo ndlela, zonke iintlobo zeemveliso zeetships eziqhuba ihlabathi letekhnoloji zigqityiwe!
INTEL NOKUVELISA
Namhlanje, ukuguqulwa kwezinto eziluhlaza zibe zizinto eziluncedo okanye ezixabisekileyo ngokuvelisa yimbangela ebalulekileyo yoqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ukuvelisa iimpahla ezininzi ngezinto ezincinci okanye iiyure ezimbalwa zomsebenzi kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi kunokunyusa ixabiso lemveliso. Njengoko iinkampani zivelisa iimveliso ezininzi ngesantya esikhawulezayo, inzuzo kulo lonke uthotho lweshishini iyanda.
Ukwenziwa kwemveliso yeyona nto iphambili kwi-Intel.
I-Intel yenza iitships ze-semiconductor, iitships zegraphics, ii-chipsets ze-motherboard, kunye nezinye izixhobo zekhompyutha. Njengoko ukwenziwa kwee-semiconductor kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi, i-Intel yenye yeenkampani ezimbalwa ehlabathini ezinokugqibezela uyilo oluphambili kunye nokuveliswa ngaphakathi.
Ukususela ngo-1968, iinjineli ze-Intel kunye nososayensi baye boyisa imingeni ebonakalayo yokupakisha ii-transistors ezininzi ngakumbi kwiitships ezincinci nezincinci. Ukufezekisa le njongo kufuna iqela elikhulu lehlabathi, iziseko zophuhliso zefektri eziphambili, kunye nenkqubo yendalo yothungelwano lokubonelela ngeenkonzo enamandla.
Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-semiconductor ye-Intel iyatshintsha rhoqo emva kweminyaka embalwa. Njengoko bekuxelwe kwangaphambili yiMoore's Law, isizukulwana ngasinye seemveliso sizisa iimpawu ezingaphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, siphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kwaye sinciphisa iindleko ze-transistor enye. I-Intel inezixhobo ezininzi zokuvelisa kunye nokuvavanya ukupakisha ii-wafer kwihlabathi liphela, ezisebenza kwinethiwekhi yehlabathi eguquguqukayo kakhulu.
Ukuvelisa kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla
Ukwenziwa kwemveliso kubalulekile kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Izinto esizichukumisayo, esizithembayo, esizonwabelayo nesizisebenzisayo yonke imihla zifuna ukwenziwa kwemveliso.
Ngamafutshane, ngaphandle kokuguqula izinto eziluhlaza zibe zizinto ezintsonkothileyo, bekungayi kubakho zixhobo zombane, izixhobo, izithuthi, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezenza ubomi bube lula, bukhuseleke, kwaye bube lula ngakumbi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-03-2025